Globalization vs. Regionalization

Globalization vs. Regionalization
August 6, 2008

The litmus test of the 21st century global economy is the clothing label inside the garment purchased at the local Wal-Mart. Chances are very good that the t-shirt with the popular television cartoon character emblazoned on the front does not carry a "Made in the U.S.A." tag inside.

Over the past quarter-century, the world economy became extremely integrated caused, in part, by the profits to be made through the lure of cheap oil and cheap foreign wages. However, oil that cost $10 a barrel a decade ago now costs more than $120 a barrel. Moreover, as more Americans are looking for work, the call has gone out to keep jobs at home. Many economists feel that globalization is about to undergo serious change.

There is no escaping the reality that rising prices throughout the economy will force America to re-assess the management of its economy. Transportation costs are now a major factor in pricing, especially of large ticket items. Previously, raw materials, like iron and wood, were shipped abroad for processing and manufacturing in countries where labor costs were a fraction of those in the U.S. Now, more companies are returning to regional manufacturing. Production close to the point of origin is the economic choice today. The higher cost of domestic labor is more than offset by the savings from lower transportation costs.

Some economists worry, though, that reverting to regionalization may not be a smooth transition. A generation of Americans has lost some of its manufacturing base and skills to the more dynamic production centers of Asia. A return to "Made in America" may not occur overnight. Other concerns, though, may outweigh these.

Americans have become far more environmentally conscious. Many American companies are doing their part to protect the environment and the effects of global warming by adopting green policies meant to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The same cannot be said of many companies in the far-east where emission standards are far less stringent than in the west.

The same worry about lax standards applies to food products. Lack of rigorous inspection at food production plants abroad may cause Americans, concerned about disease and health standards, to re-consider purchasing imported food products and may shift a large percentage of this market to domestic production.

Business executives and economists know that many factors determine the flow of international trade. The decision of where to invest in a new factory or from where to buy a product is determined not only by shipping costs but by exchange rates, labor costs, consumer confidence, government regulations, and availability of skilled management. But, as certain factors begin to outweigh others, the decision making process will change accordingly.

After years of buying products produced abroad, the day may soon be at hand when Americans will once again buy a traditional La-Z-Boy recliner with a tag stating "Made in America".